CStr.h

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/* Copyright (C) 2011 Wildfire Games.
 * This file is part of 0 A.D.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * 0 A.D. is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with 0 A.D.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/**
 * File        : CStr.h
 * Project     : engine
 * Description : Contains CStr class which is a versatile class for making string use easy.
 *             : The class implements a series of string manipulation/formatting functions.
 **/

#ifndef INCLUDED_CSTR
#define INCLUDED_CSTR

/**
 * Whitespace trim identifier for Trim and Pad functions
 **/
enum PS_TRIM_MODE
{
    PS_TRIM_LEFT,   /// Trim all white space from the beginning of the string
    PS_TRIM_RIGHT,  /// Trim all white space from the end of the string
    PS_TRIM_BOTH    /// Trim all white space from the beginning and end of the string
};

#ifndef IN_UNIDOUBLER
 #define UNIDOUBLER_HEADER "CStr.h"
 #include "UniDoubler.h"
#endif

#endif

// Include this section when in unidoubler mode, and when this unicode/ascii
// version has not already been included.
#if defined(IN_UNIDOUBLER) && ( (defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(CSTR_H_U)) || (!defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(CSTR_H_A)) )

#ifdef _UNICODE
#define CSTR_H_U
#else
#define CSTR_H_A
#endif

#include <string>
#include "ps/utf16string.h"

class CStr8;
class CStrW;

/**
 * The base class of all strings
 **/
class CStr: public std::tstring
{
public:

    // CONSTRUCTORS

    CStr() {}
    CStr(const tchar* String) : std::tstring(String) {}
    CStr(const tchar* String, size_t Length) : std::tstring(String, Length) {}
    CStr(const std::tstring& String) : std::tstring(String) {}

    /**
     * Repeat: Named constructor, to avoid overload overload.
     *
     * @param const CStr & String reference to another CStr object to be repeated for initialization
     * @param size_t Reps number of times to repeat the initialization
     * @return CStr new CStr object
     **/
    static CStr Repeat(const CStr& String, size_t Reps);

    /**
     * Construction from utf16strings.
     *
     * @param utf16string String utf16string to be used for initialization.
     **/
    explicit CStr(const utf16string& String) : std::tstring(String.begin(), String.end()) {}

    // Conversion to/from UTF-8, encoded in a CStr8.
    // Invalid bytes/characters (e.g. broken UTF-8, and Unicode characters
    // above U+FFFF) are silently replaced with U+FFFD.
    #ifdef _UNICODE
        CStr8 ToUTF8() const;
    #else
        CStrW FromUTF8() const;
    #endif

    // Conversions:

    static CStr FromInt(int n);
    static CStr FromUInt(unsigned int n);
    static CStr FromInt64(i64 n);
    static CStr FromDouble(double n);

    /**
     * Return CStr as Integer.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return int CStr represented as an integer.
     **/
    int ToInt() const;
    /**
     * Return CStr as Unsigned Integer.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return unsigned int CStr represented as an unsigned integer.
     **/
    unsigned int ToUInt() const;
    /**
     * Return CStr as Long.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return long CStr represented as a long.
     **/
    long ToLong() const;
    /**
     * Return CStr as Unsigned Long.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return unsigned long CStr represented as an unsigned long.
     **/
    unsigned long ToULong() const;
    /**
     * Return CStr as Float.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return float CStr represented as a float.
     **/
    float ToFloat() const;
    /**
     * Return CStr as Double.
     * Conversion is from the beginning of CStr.
     *
     * @return double CStr represented as a double.
     **/
    double ToDouble() const;

    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string.
     * The search is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long Find(const CStr& Str) const;
    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string.
     * The search is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param const {t|w}char_t & chr reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long Find(const tchar chr) const;
    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string with starting offset.
     * The search is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param const int & start character offset into CStr to begin search
     * @param const {t|w}char_t & chr reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long Find(const int start, const tchar chr) const;

    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string.
     * The search is case-insensitive.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long FindInsensitive(const CStr& Str) const;
    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string.
     * The search is case-insensitive.
     *
     * @param const {t|w}char_t & chr reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long FindInsensitive(const tchar chr) const;
    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string with starting offset.
     * The search is case-insensitive.
     *
     * @param const int & start character offset into CStr to begin search
     * @param const {t|w}char_t & chr reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the first occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long FindInsensitive(const int start, const tchar chr) const;

    /**
     * Search the CStr for another string.
     * The search is case-sensitive.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to the search string
     * @return long offset into the CStr of the last occurrence of the search string
     *              -1 if the search string is not found
     **/
    long ReverseFind(const CStr& Str) const;

    /**
     * Make a copy of the CStr in lower-case.
     *
     * @return CStr converted copy of CStr.
     **/
    CStr LowerCase() const;
    /**
     * Make a copy of the CStr in upper-case.
     *
     * @return CStr converted copy of CStr.
     **/
    CStr UpperCase() const;

    /**
     * Retrieve first n characters of the CStr.
     *
     * @param size_t len the number of characters to retrieve.
     * @return CStr retrieved substring.
     **/
    CStr Left(size_t len) const;

    /**
     * Retrieve last n characters of the CStr.
     *
     * @param size_t len the number of characters to retrieve.
     * @return CStr retrieved substring.
     **/
    CStr Right(size_t len) const;

    /**
     * Retrieve substring of the CStr after last occurrence of a string.
     * Return substring of the CStr after the last occurrence of the search string.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to search string
     * @param size_t startPos character position to start searching from
     * @return CStr substring remaining after match
     *                   the CStr if no match is found
     **/
    CStr AfterLast(const CStr& Str, size_t startPos = npos) const;

    /**
     * Retrieve substring of the CStr preceding last occurrence of a string.
     * Return substring of the CStr preceding the last occurrence of the search string.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to search string
     * @param size_t startPos character position to start searching from
     * @return CStr substring preceding before match
     *                   the CStr if no match is found
     **/
    CStr BeforeLast(const CStr& Str, size_t startPos = npos) const;

    /**
     * Retrieve substring of the CStr after first occurrence of a string.
     * Return substring of the CStr after the first occurrence of the search string.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to search string
     * @param size_t startPos character position to start searching from
     * @return CStr substring remaining after match
     *                   the CStr if no match is found
     **/
    CStr AfterFirst(const CStr& Str, size_t startPos = 0) const;

    /**
     * Retrieve substring of the CStr preceding first occurrence of a string.
     * Return substring of the CStr preceding the first occurrence of the search string.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to search string
     * @param size_t startPos character position to start searching from
     * @return CStr substring preceding before match
     *                   the CStr if no match is found
     **/
    CStr BeforeFirst(const CStr& Str, size_t startPos = 0) const;

    /**
     * Remove all occurrences of a string from the CStr.
     *
     * @param const CStr & Str reference to search string to remove.
     **/
    void Remove(const CStr& Str);

    /**
     * Replace all occurrences of one string by another string in the CStr.
     *
     * @param const CStr & StrToReplace reference to search string.
     * @param const CStr & ReplaceWith reference to replace string.
     **/
    void Replace(const CStr& StrToReplace, const CStr& ReplaceWith);

    /**
     * Convert strings like  \\\n  into <backslash><newline>
     *
     * @return CStr converted copy of CStr.
     **/
    CStr UnescapeBackslashes() const;

    /**
     * Convert strings to printable ASCII characters with JSON-style escapes.
     */
    std::string EscapeToPrintableASCII() const;

    /**
     * Return a trimmed copy of the CStr.
     *
     * @param PS_TRIM_MODE Mode value from trim mode enumeration.
     * @return CStr copy of trimmed CStr.
     **/
    CStr Trim(PS_TRIM_MODE Mode) const;

    /**
     * Return a space padded copy of the CStr.
     *
     * @param PS_TRIM_MODE Mode value from trim mode enumeration.
     * @param size_t Length number of pad spaces to add
     * @return CStr copy of padded CStr.
     **/
    CStr Pad(PS_TRIM_MODE Mode, size_t Length) const;

    // Conversion to utf16string
    utf16string utf16() const { return utf16string(begin(), end()); }

    // Calculates a hash of the string's contents
    size_t GetHashCode() const;

    // Serialization functions
    // (These are not virtual or inherited from ISerializable, to avoid
    // adding a vtable and making the strings larger than std::string)
    size_t GetSerializedLength() const;
    u8* Serialize(u8* buffer) const;
    const u8* Deserialize(const u8* buffer, const u8* bufferend);
};

static inline size_t hash_value(const CStr& s)
{
    return s.GetHashCode();
}

#endif